This article is about media in India. For an overview of Information technology in India, see Information technology in India. For modern science and technology in India, refer to Science and technology in the Republic of India.
The Times of India—founded on November 3, 1838 as The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce—has the widest circulation among all English-language broadsheets in the world.
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Publicity poster for the film Raja Harishchandra (1913) at Coronation Hall, Girgaum, Mumbai.
The Anandabazar Patrika—founded in 1922 by Prafulla Chandra Sarkar—has the largest circulation for a single-edition regional language newspaper in India.
The daily cartoon strip You Said It was started in 1951 by R.K. Laxman for The Times of India.
The headquarters of Doordarshan, for which experimental telecast started in September 1959. Regular daily transmission followed in 1965 as a part of All India Radio.
The Indian weekly news magazine India Today—published both in English and Hindi— has been in publication since 1975.
Prime Minster Atal Bihari Vajpayee (office: March 19, 1998 – May 22, 2004) placed the development of Information Technology among his top five priorities and formed the Indian National Task Force on Information Technology and Software Development.
Indian media—initiated since the late 1700s with print media started in 1780, radio broadcasting initiated in 1927, and the screening of Auguste and Louis Lumière moving pictures in Bombay initiated during the July of 1895 —is among the oldest and largest media of the world.
India consumed 99 million newspaper copies as of 2007—making it the second largest market in the world for newspapers.
Contents
- 1 Print media
- 2 Audio-Visual media
- 3 Communications
- 4 Cinema
- 5 Notes
- 6 References
- 7 External links
- 8 See also
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Print media
Main articles: Print media in India and :Category:Newspapers published in India
Further information: Press Trust of India, United News of India, and Category:Indian magazines
The first major newspaper in India—The Bengal Gazette—was started in 1780 under the British Raj.
During the 1950s 214 daily newspapers were published in India.
The main regional newspapers of India include the Malayalam-language Malayala Manorama (published from: Kerala, daily circulation: 673,000), the Hindi-language Dainik Jagran (published from: Uttar Pradesh, daily circulation in 2006: 580,000), and the Anandabazar Patrika (published from: Kolkata, daily circulation in 2006: 435,000).
Newspaper sale in India increased by 11.22% in 2007.
Audio-Visual media
Main articles: Amateur radio in India, Television in India, :Category:Indian television, and :Category:Amateur radio in India
Further information: List of Indian television stations
Radio broadcasting was initiated in 1927 but became state responsibility only in 1930.
Following the economic reforms satellite television channels from around the world—including BBC, CNN, CNBC, PTV, and other foreign television channels gained a foothold in India.
Communications
Main articles: Information technology in India and Communications in India
The Indian Government acquired the EVS EM computers from the Soviet Union, which were used in large companies and research laboratories.
The Indian economy underwent economic reforms in 1991, leading to a new era of globalization and international economic integration.
India had a total of 49,750,000 telephone lines in use by 2008.
In the mobile telephony sector, Airtel controls 21.4% subscriber base followed by Reliance with 20.3%, BSNL with 18.6%, Vodafone with 14.7% subscriber base as of June 2005.
Total fixed-line and wireless subscribers reached 325.78 million as of June, 2008.
Cinema
Main article: Cinema of India
The history of film in India begins with the screening of Auguste and Louis Lumière moving pictures in Bombay during the July of 1895.
Indian films were soon being followed throughout Southeast Asia and the Middle East—where modest dressing and subdued sexuality of these films was found to be acceptable to the sensibilities of the audience belonging to the various Islamic countries of the region.
Notes
- ^ See Thomas 2006 and Burra & Rao 2006
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Thomas, page 105
- ^ On the whole, the press functions with little government censorship, and serious controls have been imposed only in matters of national security, in times of emergency, or when it is deemed necessary to avoid inflaming passions (e.g., after communal riots or comparable disturbances).——Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (2008). India. Encyclopedia Britannica.
- ^ a b c d World Association of Newspapers (2008) World Press Trends: Newspapers Are A Growth Business
- ^ a b See The World Factbook: Internet users and Internet World Stats.
- ^ a b World Broadband Statistics Report – Q4 2007, Point Topic.
- ^ a b CIA World Factbook: Field Listing – Television broadcast stations
- ^ a b Thomas, pages 105-106
- ^ a b c Thomas, page 106
- ^ a b c Schwartzberg 2008
- ^ Thomas, pages 106-107
- ^ a b c Thomas, page 107
- ^ a b Desai 2006
- ^ a b Chand, page 86
- ^ Wolcott & Goodman, page 568
- ^ a b Sharma 2006 Globalization
- ^ Wolcott & Goodman, page 564
- ^ Wolcott & Goodman, pages 564-565
- ^ Desai 2006
- ^ CIA World Factbook: Rank Order – Telephones – main lines in use
- ^ a b c See Study paper on State of Indian Telecom Network. Telecom Regulatory Authority of India. and Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Press Release No. 89 /2006, 12th September 2006.
- ^ CIA World Factbook: Rank Order – Telephones – mobile cellular
- ^ Reuters (2008). India adds 8.94 mln mobile users in June.
- ^ a b Burra & Rao, page 252
- ^ Burra & Rao, page 253
- ^ a b c Watson 2008
- ^ Bollywood. Encyclopædia Britannica 2008
References
- Burra, Rani Day & Rao, Maithili (2006). “Cinema” in Encyclopedia of India (vol. 1), edited by Stanley Wolpert. 252-259. Thomson Gale: ISBN 0-684-31350-2.
- Chand, Vikram K. (2006). Reinventing public service delivery in india: Selected Case Studies. ISBN 0761934898.
- Desai, Ashok V. (2006). “Information and other Technology Development” in Encyclopedia of India (vol. 2), edited by Stanley Wolpert. 269-273. Thomson Gale: ISBN 0-684-31351-0.
- Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (2008). India. Encyclopedia Britannica.
- Sharma, Shalendra D. (2006). “Globalization” in Encyclopedia of India (vol. 2), edited by Stanley Wolpert. 146-149. Thomson Gale: ISBN 0-684-31351-0
- Thomas, Raju G. C. (2006). “Media” in Encyclopedia of India (vol. 3), edited by Stanley Wolpert. 105-107. Thomson Gale: ISBN 0-684-31352-9.
- Watson, James L. (2008). Globalization. Encyclopedia Britannica.
- Wolcott, P. & Goodman, S. E. (2003). Global Diffusion of the Internet – I India: Is the Elephant Learning to Dance?. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, Volume 11, 560-646.
External links
See also
Part of a series on Science and technology in India
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